Sheet metal is a metal whose surface is flatter than iron, steel and any other metal and are produced by hot rolling of steel ingots or billets. Steel sheets are produced and supplied in factories in the form of rolls and coils.
There are different types of sheet metal, which are named based on the production method and raw materials. Sheet metal standards are based on the standards of three countries. 1- German DIN standard, which is the most common standard in the Iranian market, 2- American ASTM standard, and 3- Russian Gauss standard, which is rarely used. Steel sheets have different properties according to the percentage of carbon in their alloy (about 0.025 to 0.03% carbon), production process and metal alloys, and finally their use and naming will be affected by these factors.
Ironware
Ironmongers are divided into two general categories: industrial ironmongery and construction ironmongery. These two main groups are then divided into more detailed categories. The sheets are marketed in roll form and sheets. Among the types of sheets, we can mention ordinary black sheet and industrial black sheet. Which has a different manufacturing technology. The standard used to make ordinary black sheet is ST37, which is mostly used in buildings and sheds.
Black sheet metal
For black sheet metal in the production process, steel is placed at a temperature higher than the recrystallization temperature of steel and in thicknesses above 1.5 mm, the different thicknesses of which are important in determining the price of black sheet, is found as a smooth and polished sheet but with lower surface quality. It is produced from cold sheet and of course more thickness, which sometimes needs to be paid for use, and its price is lower than cold sheet such as oil, and as a result, they are used in different applications that are less important in appearance.
Industrial sheets are also used in industries such as petrochemicals, dam construction, etc. Types of sheets are produced based on two types of rolling with the names of hot and cold rolling. In hot rolling, the output product is called black sheet and in cold rolling, the output product is called oily sheet. Black steel sheets are known as Hot Rolled Sheets. Hot-dip galvanized sheet is also made of a low carbon steel called 36A and 1011A. High weldability is one of the properties of 36A. On the other hand, 1011A has high strength and making dishes is one of its advantages.
Hot rolled steels have a thinner surface compared to cold rolled sheets. High temperature black sheet is produced in factories. In hot rolling, when the slab temperature reaches 1280 ° C in preheating and descaling furnaces, it is rolled in the initial and final rolling mills and its thickness gradually decreases until Reaches 1.2 to 16 mm and then marketed as a coil. Sometimes a set of tasks such as reducing the weight of the coil, improving the mechanical properties, leveling the sheet, light and heavy cutting of the sheet are performed in order to complete the hot rolling operation.
Oil sheet metal
Oil sheet metal in the commercial market is known as cold sheet and the main reason for naming this product is its appearance. Oil sheets are produced by cold rolling and after production, they are lubricated for various reasons, including the prevention of rust. Due to their beautiful appearance, these sheets are mainly used in works that require beautiful appearance. Applications of oiled sheet can be used in building materials, car body, home appliances, making all kinds of shelves and panels. Also, the biggest advantage of this product is its high resistance, which causes its various applications in industry.
Differences between oiled sheets and black sheets
The hot rolled output sheet (black sheet) has a relatively rough surface and its dimensional tolerances are not very accurate. In hot rolling, the thickness of the material is reduced from about 25 to 6 mm. If the product is thin (up to 6 mm thick), the sheet can be screwed around the axis and form coils of the sheet. These coils are the raw material for the cold rolling process. In cold rolling, sheets with high surface finish and lower tolerances and very low thickness are obtained.
The machines and production methods in the hot rolling process are very developed so that the products obtained from hot rolling are high quality and have a cheaper price than cold rolled sheet. However, due to the high cost of black sheet rolling machines, it is produced only in standard shapes and sizes, for which the demand is high. For larger products, hot plate is always used because large products must have a distinct shape.
Cold rolled products also have a high quality surface coating and have a higher quality in terms of surface smoothness and uniformity. Cold rolled rebars are more rigid than hot rolled rebars. However, this trend is reversed in the production of steel sheets and the amount of carbon in hot rolled sheets is higher and cold sheets are softer due to the annealing process. Therefore, black sheets are stronger than oil sheets.
Alloy sheet metal
Alloy sheets are sheets that alter their chemical and physical properties by manipulating their molecular structure. Some sheets are used for heat resistance and some of them are used for cold resistance and also some of this product is used for resistance to sea acid and salts.
Steel deck sheet
Steel deck roofs are roofs that are distinguished from other roofs by using two elements of galvanized steel sheets, lower trapezoidal and cutters used in this type of roofs, and of course, by using reinforcement and concreting on this steel sheet, this The type of roof is implemented. One of the main parts of steel deck composite roofs is the required side beams among the main beams of the structure. The height of steel decks should be between 5 and 7.5 cm.
The most important part of steel deck sheet is galvanized sheet which is trapezoidal shaped by special devices. Mostly the sheets used in steel decks have thicknesses ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 mm. In the industry, the height of the steel deck sheet is called step, which includes two values of 65 and 75 mm, the appropriate width for the sheet is considered according to the two steps of 65 and 75 mm, 960 and 940 mm.
The roof was first used in 1820 by an engineer named Henry Palmer by concreting galvanized sheet in the building. This roofing system was officially introduced to the construction industry in 1939 by the Steel Roof Institute (SDI) with the development of an industry standard for design, implementation and operation. Over time, with numerous changes in the method of steel deck roofs, finally in 1980, this system was used by reputable European and American companies as a new system with world-class technology that has many advantages.
One of the main advantages of this type of roof is the high speed of these roofs in very large structures, another advantage of this type of roof is the economic efficiency of this type of roof. In the following, we will first introduce the steel deck sheet and then its application in the production of steel deck roof. Steel deck sheets have two physical and chemical properties, first we will explain about the physical properties and then we will explain about the chemical properties of steel deck sheets.
Ribbed sheet metal weight
The weight of the corrugated sheet depends on its thickness, dimensions and durability. Ribbed sheets are offered in different weights and all of them are used to prevent slipping, which is achieved by ribbing the sheet and creating friction. The production thicknesses of corrugated sheets are at least 1.5 mm and at most 10 mm. The dimensions of the ribbed sheets are rectangular and are usually produced in the sizes of 1 * 2 meters, 1.5 * 6 meters and 2 * 6 meters.
Ribbed sheet metal weight table
| Row | Calculation | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) | Weight (kg) |
| 1 | Ribbed sheet weight 1.5 mm | 2000 | 1000 | 1.5 | 24 |
| 2 | Ribbed sheet weight 2 mm | 2000 | 1000 | 2 | 32 |
| 3 | Ribbed sheet weight 3 mm | 2000 | 1000 | 3 | 48 |
| 4 | Ribbed sheet weight 6 mm | 6000 | 1500 | 6 | 432 |
| 5 | Ribbed sheet weight 8 mm | 6000 | 1500 | 8 | 576 |
| 6 | Ribbed sheet weight 10 mm | 6000 | 1500 | 10 | 720 |
| 7 | Ribbed sheet weight 8 mm | 6000 | 2000 | 8 | 768 |
Calculate the weight of the corrugated sheet
The weight of the corrugated sheet is calculated by multiplying the thickness of the sheet (in millimeters) by the width of the sheet (in millimeters) along the length of the sheet (in meters), then the result is multiplied by the weight mass (ie 7.8) and the number The result is divided by 1000.
Formula for calculating the weight of corrugated sheet
Calculate the weight of the corrugated sheet = length * width * thickness * 7.8 / 1000
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